LION’S MANE - (HERICIUM ERINACEUS)

General

• HEALTH BENEFITS: Erica Julson, E. M. (2018, May 19). 9 Health Benefits of Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Plus Side Effects). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lions-mane-mushroom

Neuroplasticity

• NEUROTROPHIC COMPOUNDS: Ryu, S. H., Hong, S. M., Khan, Z., Lee, S. K., Vishwanath, M., Turk, A., Yeon, S. W., Jo, Y. H., Lee, D. H., Lee, J. K., Hwang, B. Y., Jung, J. K., Kim, S. Y., & Lee, M. K. (2021). Neurotrophic isoindolinones from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 31, 127714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127714
• NEUROTROPHIC COMPOUNDS: Lai, P. L., Naidu, M., Sabaratnam, V., Wong, K. H., David, R. P., Kuppusamy, U. R., Abdullah, N., & Malek, S. N. (2013). Neurotrophic properties of the Lion's mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 15(6), 539–554. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v15.i6.30
• NEUROTROPHIC COMPOUNDS: Association for the Advancement of Restorative Medicine. (n.d.). Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus). https://restorativemedicine.org/library/monographs/lions-mane/
• NERVE REGENERATION: Wong, K. H., Naidu, M., David, P., Abdulla, M. A., Abdullah, N., Kuppusamy, U. R., & Sabaratnam, V. (2011). Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Following Crush Injury to Rat Peroneal Nerve by Aqueous Extract of Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2011, 580752. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neq062
• NERVE GROWTH FACTOR: Ma BJ, Shen JW, Yu HY, Ruan Y, Wu TT, Zhao Z, Hericenones and erinacines: stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF) biosynthesis in Hericium erinaceus, Mycology. 2010;1:92–98.
• NERVE GROWTH FACTOR: Mori, K.; Obara, Y.; Hirota, M.; Azumi, Y.; Kinugasa, S.; Inatomi, S.; Nakahata, N. Nerve growth factor-inducing activity of Hericium erinaceus in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2008;31:1727−1732.
• NEUROPROTECTIVE: Kim, M. K.; Choi, W. Y.; Lee, H. Y. Enhancement of the neuroprotective activity of Hericium erinaceus mycelium co-cultivated with Allium sativum extract. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 2015;121:19−25.
• NEUROREGENERATIVE: Wong KH, Naidu M, David RP, Bakar R, Sabaratnam V. Neuroregenerative potential of Lion’s Mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (higher Basidiomycetes), in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury (review). Int. J. Med. Mushrooms. 2012;14:427−446.
• PROTECTIVE EFFECTS: Zongying Liu, Qinglong Wang, Jian Cui, Lili Xiong, Wei Wang, Diqiang Li, Na Liu, Yiran Wu, & Canquan Mao. (2015, March). Systemic Screening of Strains of the Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) and Its Protective Effects on Aβ-Triggered Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells. National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25954906/
• LEARNING + MEMORY: Mori, K., Obara, Y., Moriya, T., Inatomi, S., & Nakahata, N. (2011). Effects of Hericium erinaceus on amyloid β(25-35) peptide-induced learning and memory deficits in mice. Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan), 32(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.32.67
• MEMORY: Ramón Martínez-Mármol, YeJin Chai, Jacinta N. Conroy, Zahra Khan, Seong-Min Hong, Seon Beom Kim, Rachel S. Gormal, Dae Hee Lee, Jae Kang Lee, Elizabeth J. Coulson, Mi Kyeong Lee, Sun Yeou Kim, Frédéric A. Meunier. Hericerin derivatives activates a pan-neurotrophic pathway in central hippocampal neurons converging to ERK1/2 signaling enhancing spatial memory. Journal of Neurochemistry. 
• MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: Mori, K., Inatomi, S., Ouchi, K., Azumi, Y., & Tuchida, T. (2009). Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 23(3), 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2634
• MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: Koichiro Mori, Satoshi Inatomi, Kenzi Ouchi, Yoshihito Azumi, & Takashi Tuchida. (2008, October 10). Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.2634

Auto-Immune Disease & Viral Infections

• LEUKEMIA: Kim SP, Kang MY, Choi YH, Kim JH, Nam SH, Friedman M. Mechanism of Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake) mushroom-induced apoptosis of U937 human monocytic leukemia cells. Food Funct. 2011;2:348–56.
• ANTI-TUMOR: Mizuno T, Wasa T, Ito H, Suzuki C, Ukai N, Antitumor-active polysaccharides isolated from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceum, an edible and medicinal mushroom called yamabushitake or houtou, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 1992;56:347–348.
• GASTRIC CANCER: Zan XY, Cui FJ, Li YH, Yang Y, Wu D et al. Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide-protein HEG-5 inhibits SGC-7901 cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015;76:242–253.
• OSTEOARTHRITIS: Md. Rahman, Hyun-Kyu Kim, Seong-Eun Kim, Myung-Jin Kim, Do-Hyung Kim, Hak Lee. Chondroprotective Effects of a Standardized Extract (KBH-JP-040) from Kalopanax pictus, Hericium erinaceus, and Astragalus membranaceus in Experimentally Induced In Vitro and In Vivo Osteoarthritis Models. Nutrients 2018, 10 (3) , 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1003035
• MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Lion’s mane and multiple sclerosis: Is it effective? Medically reviewed by Heidi Moawad, M.D. — Written by Caitlin Geng on August 12, 2021 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lions-mane-and-multiple-sclerosis

Antioxidants & DNA Damage

• IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVATION: Wu, D., Yang, S., Tang, C., Liu, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, H., Cui, F., & Yang, Y. (2018). Structural Properties and Macrophage Activation of Cell Wall Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of Hericium erinaceus. Polymers, 10(8), 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10080850
• IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVATION: Lee JS, Min KM, Cho JY, Hong EK. Study of macrophage activation and structural characteristics of purified polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009;19:951–9.
• ANTI-OXIDANT: Mohammad Azizur Rahman, M. A., Noorlidah Abdullah, & Norhaniza Aminudin. (2014, May 13). Inhibitory Effect on In Vitro LDL Oxidation and HMG Co-A Reductase Activity of the Liquid-Liquid Partitioned Fractions of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon (Lion’s Mane Mushroom). Hindawi. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/828149/
• ANTI-OXIDANT: Yiling Hou, Y., Xiang Ding, & Wanru Hou. (2014, December 19). Composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus. Spandidos Publications. https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2014.3121
• ANTI-MICROBIAL + ANTI-OXIDANT: Wong KH, Sabaratnam V, Abdullah N, Kuppusamy UR, Naidu M. Effects of cultivation techniques and processing on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. extracts. Food Technol Biotechnol. 2009;47:47–55.

Anxiety & Depression

• ANXIETY + DEPRESSION: Journal of Medicinal Food Vol. 21, No. 2 - Hericium erinaceus Extract Reduces Anxiety and Depressive Behaviors by Promoting Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Adult Mouse Brain Sun Ryu, Hyoun Geun Kim, Joo Youn Kim, Seong Yun Kim, and Kyung-Ok Cho - Published Online:1 Feb 2018.
• ANXIETY + DEPRESSION: Nagano M, Shimizu K, Kondo R, Hayashi C, Sato D, Kitagawa K, et al. Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. Biomed Res. 2010;31:231–7.
• DEPRESSION: Yao, W., Zhang, J. C., Dong, C., Zhuang, C., Hirota, S., Inanaga, K., & Hashimoto, K. (2015). Effects of amycenone on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, and depression-like behavior in mice after lipopolysaccharide administration. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 136, 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2015.06.012
• DEPRESSION: Pit Shan Chong, Man-Lung Fung, Kah Hui Wong, & Lee Wei Lim. (2019, December 25). Therapeutic Potential of Hericium erinaceus for Depressive Disorder. MDPI Open Access Journals. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/1/163
• DEPRESSION: Mayumi Nagano, M., Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Ryuichiro Kondo, Chickako Hayashi, Daigo Sato, Katsuyuki Kitagawa, & Koichiro Ohnuki. (2010). Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. J-STAGE. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/biomedres/31/4/31_4_231/_article
• DEPRESSION: Chun-Hung Chiu, C.-H., Charng-Cherng Chyau, Chin-Chu Chen, Li-Ya Lee, Wan-Ping Chen, Jia-Ling Liu, Wen-Hsin Lin, & Mei-Chin Mong. (2018, January 24). Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelium Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects through Modulating BDNF/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling in Mice. MDPI. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/2/341

Gastrointestinal Conditions

• INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: Schwartz, B., & Hadar, Y. (2014). Possible mechanisms of action of mushroom-derived glucans on inflammatory bowel disease and associated cancer. Annals of translational medicine, 2(2), 19. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.01.03

Microbiome

• H PYLORI: Zhu Y, Chen Y, Li Q, Zhao T, Zhang M, Feng W, et al. Preparation, characterization, and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Bi3+-Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide complex. Carbohydr. Polym. 2014;110:231−237.

Sleep & Fatigue

• MOOD + SLEEP: Vigna, L., Morelli, F., Agnelli, G. M., Napolitano, F., Ratto, D., Occhinegro, A., Di Iorio, C., Savino, E., Girometta, C., Brandalise, F., & Rossi, P. (2019). Hericium erinaceus Improves Mood and Sleep Disorders in Patients Affected by Overweight or Obesity: Could Circulating Pro-BDNF and BDNF Be Potential Biomarkers? Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2019, 7861297. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7861297
• MOOD + SLEEP: Vigna, L., Morelli, F., Agnelli, G. M., Napolitano, F., Ratto, D., Occhinegro, A., Di Iorio, C., Savino, E., Girometta, C., Brandalise, F., & Rossi, P. (2019). Hericium erinaceus Improves Mood and Sleep Disorders in Patients Affected by Overweight or Obesity: Could Circulating Pro-BDNF and BDNF Be Potential Biomarkers? Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2019, 7861297. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7861297