Studies + Research + References
REISHI - (GANODERMA LUCIDUM)
General
- CLINICAL ASPECTS: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition. - 2011 - Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi or Reishi) - A Medicinal Mushroom - Sissi Wachtel-Galor, John Yuen, John A. Buswell, and Iris F. F. Benzie.
- OVERVIEW: restorativemedicine.org. Reishi Mushroom, Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum)
Antioxidants & DNA Damage
- ANTI-AGING: Cora Sau-Wan Lai, Man-Shan Yu, Wai-Hung Yuen, Kwok-Fai So, Sze-Yong Zee, Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang. (2008, January 23). Antagonizing β-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity of the anti-aging fungus Ganoderma lucidum. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006899307026480?via%3Dihub
Anxiety & Depression
- DEPRESSION: Hirokazu Matsuzaki, Yuta Shimizu, Naohiro Iwata, Shinya Kamiuchi, Fumiko Suzuki, Hiroshi Iizuka, Yasuhide Hibino & Mari Okazaki, H. (2013, December 26). Antidepressant-like effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia in rats - BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. BioMed Central. https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-13-37
- ANTI-ANXIETY: Singh R, Dhingra GS, Shri R. Evaluation of Antianxiety Potential of Four Ganoderma (Agaricomycetes) Species from India in Mice. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2016;18(11):991-998. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v18.i11.40. PMID: 28008811.
- DEPRESSION: Li H, Xiao Y, Han L, Jia Y, Luo S, Zhang D, Zhang L, Wu P, Xiao C, Kan W, Du J, Bao H. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides ameliorated depression-like behaviors in the chronic social defeat stress depression model via modulation of Dectin-1 and the innate immune system. Brain Res Bull. 2021 Jun;171:16-24. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.002. Epub 2021 Mar 8. PMID: 33705858.
Autoimmune Disease & Tumors
- CANCER: Jie Liu, Sadaaki Tamura, Kenji Kurashiki, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Kiyoshi Noda, Fumiko Konishi, Shoichiro Kumamoto, Ryuichiro Kondo. (2009, February 20). Anti-Androgen Effects of Extracts and Compounds from Ganoderma lucidum. Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbdv.200800019
- CANCER: Gao Y. H, Zhou S. F, Jiang W. Q, Huang M, Sai X. H. Effects of Ganopoly (a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract) on immune functions in advanced-stage cancer patients. Immunol Invest. 2003;32:201–15.
- CANCER: Xiao Chen, Ze-Ping Hu, Xiao-Xia Yang, Min Huang, Yihuai Gao, Wenbo Tang, Sui Yung Chan, Xihu Dai, Jinxian Ye, Paul Chi-Liu Ho, Wei Duan, Hong-Yuan Yang, Yi-Zhun Zhu, Shu-Feng Zhou. (2006, March). Monitoring of immune responses to a herbal immuno-modulator in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. ScienceDirect. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16428086/
- CANCER: Gao Y. H, Zhou S. F, Jiang W. Q, Huang M, Sai X. H. Effects of Ganopoly (a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract) on immune functions in advanced-stage cancer patients. Immunol Invest. 2003;32:201–15.
- PROSTATE CANCER: Jiang J, Slivova V, Valachovicova T, Harvey K, Sliva D. Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3. Int J Oncol. 2004;24:1093–9.
- LUNG CANCER: Cao Q. Z, Lin Z. B. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide inhibits the growth of vascular endothelial cell and the induction of VEGF in human lung cancer cell. Life Sci. 2006;78:1457–63.
- COLON CANCER: Hong K. J, Dunn D. M, Shen C. L, Pence B. C. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum on apoptotic and anti-inflammatory function in HT-29 human colonic carcinoma cells. Phytother Res. 2004;18:768–70.
- INTEGRATIVE ONCOLOGY: Guggenheim, A. G., Wright, K. M., & Zwickey, H. L. (2014). Immune Modulation From Five Major Mushrooms: Application to Integrative Oncology. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 13(1), 32–44.
- ANTI-TUMOR: Miyazaki T, Nishijima M. Studies on fungal polysaccharides. XXVII. Structural examination of a water-soluble, antitumor polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum. Chem Pharm Bull.
- ANTI-TUMOR: Toshihiro Akihisa, Yuji Nakamura, Masaaki Tagata, Harukuni Tokuda, Ken Yasukawa, Emiko Uchiyama, Takashi Suzuki, Yumiko Kimura. (2007, February 20). Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tumor-Promoting Effects of Triterpene Acids and Sterols from the Fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbdv.200790027
Cardiovascular Disease
- CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Noorlidah Abdullah, Norhaniza Aminudin. (2018). Evaluation of the Antioxidative and Hypo-cholesterolemic Effects of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), in Ameliorating Cardiovascular Disease. National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30806268/
- CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Klupp NL, Chang D, Hawke F, et al. Ganoderma lucidum mushroom for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(2):CD007259. Published 2015 Feb 17. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007259.pub2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6486141/
- CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: Meng, J., & Yang, B. (2019, November 28). Protective Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) on Cardiovascular System. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_7?error=cookies_not_supported&code=85fe3725-afe8-47e5-a81c-bb2f51741178
Hormones
- FIBROMYALGIA: Pazzi F, Adsuar JC, Domínguez-Muñoz FJ, García-Gordillo MA, Gusi N, Collado-Mateo D. Ganoderma lucidum Effects on Mood and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Fibromyalgia. Healthcare (Basel). 2020;8(4):520. Published 2020 Nov 30. doi:10.3390/healthcare8040520
- ESTROGEN: Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Ichiko Miyamoto, Jie Liu, Fumiko Konishi, Shoichiro Kumamoto & Ryuichiro Kondo, K. (2009, February 1). Estrogen-like activity of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum - Journal of Wood Science. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10086-008-0992-2?
- ESTROGEN: Shimizu, K., Miyamoto, I., Liu, J. et al. Estrogen-like activity of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum . J Wood Sci 55, 53–59 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-008-0992-2
- ESTROGEN: Findlay JK, Liew SH, Simpson ER, Korach KS. Estrogen signaling in the regulation of female reproductive functions. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2010;(198):29-35. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-02062-9_2. PMID: 20839084; PMCID: PMC4778970.
- FERTILITY: Agarwal A, Rana M, Qiu E, AlBunni H, Bui AD, Henkel R. Role of oxidative stress, infection and inflammation in male infertility. Andrologia. 2018 Dec;50(11):e13126. doi: 10.1111/and.13126. PMID: 30569652.
Kidney Disease
- KIDNEY DISEASE: ScienceDirect. (2019, November 20). Preventative and therapeutic effect of Ganoderma lucidum on kidney injuries and diseases.
Skin Health
- SKIN DISEASES: Yin Z, Yang B, Ren H. Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) on Skin Diseases and Care. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1182:311-321. doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_14
Sleep & Fatigue
- SLEEP: Yao, C., Wang, Z., Jiang, H., Yan, R., Huang, Q., Wang, Y., … Lv, L. (2021). Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway in mice. Scientific Reports, 11(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92913-6
- SLEEP: Cui XY, Cui SY, Zhang J, Wang ZJ, Yu B, Sheng ZF, Zhang XQ, Zhang YH. Extract of Ganoderma lucidum prolongs sleep time in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;139(3):796-800. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.020. Epub 2011 Dec 21. PMID: 22207209.
- SLEEP: Qing-Ping Chu, Li-En Wang, Xiang-Yu Cui, Hong-Zheng Fu, Zhi-Bin Lin, Shu-Qian Lin, Yong-He Zhang. (2017, April). Extract of Ganoderma lucidum potentiates pentobarbital-induced sleep via a GABAergic mechanism. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009130570700086X?via%3Dihub
Inflammation & Arthritis
- ANTI-INFLAMMATORY: Yu-Sheng Chen, Quan-Zhan Chen, Zhen-Jiong Wang, Chun Hua, Y.-S. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Kunming Mice. Karger. https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/493896
- ANTI-INFLAMMATORY: Feng X, Wang Y. Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and sedative-hypnotic activities of lucidone D extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2019 Apr 30;65(4):37-42. PMID: 31078150
- ANTI-INFLAMMATORY: Xia Feng, Yan Wang. (2019, April 30). Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and sedative-hypnotic activities of lucidone D extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31078150/
- ANTI-ARTHRITIC: Lam FF, Ko IW, Ng ES, Tam LS, Leung PC, Li EK. Analgesic and anti-arthritic effects of Lingzhi and San Miao San supplementation in a rat model of arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Oct 30;120(1):44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.028. Epub 2008 Jul 30. PMID: 18708134.
- IMMUNOMODULATION: Mallard B, Leach D. N, Wohlmuth H, Tiralongo J. Synergistic immuno-modulatory activity in human macrophages of a medicinal mushroom formulation consisting of Reishi, Shiitake and Maitake. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(11).
Viral Infections
- HIV: El-Mekkawy S, Meselhy M. R, Nakamura N, editors. et al. Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances from Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochemistry. 1998;49:1651–7.
- HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS: Oh K. W, Lee C. K, Kim Y. S, Eo S. K, Han S. S. Antiherpetic activities of acidic protein bound polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma lucidum alone and in combination with Acyclovir and Vidarabine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;72:221–7.
- COVID: Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Kujawowicz K, Witkowska AM. Beta-Glucans from Fungi: Biological and Health-Promoting Potential in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Nutrients. 2021 Nov 6;13(11):3960. doi: 10.3390/nu13113960. PMID: 34836215; PMCID: PMC8623785.
Weight Management & Obesity
- ANTI-OBESITY: Viroel FJM, Laurino LF, Caetano ÉLA, Jozala AF, Spim SRV, Pickler TB, Sercundes MK, Gomes MC, Hataka A, Grotto D, Gerenutti M. Ganoderma lucidum Modulates Glucose, Lipid Peroxidation and Hepatic Metabolism in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Pregnant Rats. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 May 24;11(6):1035. doi: 10.3390/antiox11061035. PMID: 35739932; PMCID: PMC9219838.